JNCIA INT

Other global locations are periodically set up as testing centers based on demand. To register,
send an e-mail message to Juniper Networks at
certification-testreg@juniper.net
and
place one of the following exam codes in the subject field. Within the body of the message, indicate
the testing center you prefer and which month you would like to attempt the exam. You
will be contacted with the available dates at your requested testing center. The JNTCP lab exam
numbers are:


JNCIP-M—CERT-JNCIP-M


JNCIE-M—CERT-JNCIE-M
Recertification Requirements
To maintain the high standards of the JNTCP certifications, and to ensure that the skills of those
certified are kept current and relevant, Juniper Networks has implemented the following recertification
requirements, which apply to both certification tracks of the JNTCP:


All JNTCP certifications are valid for a period of two years.


Certification holders who do not renew their certification within this two-year period will
have their certification placed in
suspended mode
. Certifications in suspended mode are not
eligible as prerequisites for further certification and cannot be applied to partner certification
requirements.


After being in suspended mode for one year, the certification is placed in
inactive mode
.
At that stage, the individual is no longer certified at the JNTCP certification level that has
become inactive and the individual will lose the associated certification number. For
example, a JNCIP holder placed in inactive mode will be required to pass both the JNCIS
and JNCIP exams in order to regain JNCIP status; such an individual will be given a new
JNCIP certification number.


Renewed certifications are valid for a period of two years from the date of passing
the renewed certification exam.


Passing an exam at a higher level renews all lower-level certifications for two years from
the date of passing the higher-level exam. For example, passing the JNCIP exam will
renew the JNCIS certification (and JNCIA certification if currently held) for two years
from the date of passing the JNCIP exam.


JNCIA holders must pass the current JNCIA exam in order to renew the certification for
an additional two years from the most recent JNCIA pass date.


JNCIS holders must pass the current JNCIS exam in order to renew the certification for an
additional two years from the most recent JNCIS pass date.


JNCIP and JNCIE holders must pass the current JNCIS exam in order to renew these certifications
for an additional two years from the most recent JNCIS pass date.
The most recent version of the JNTCP Online Agreement must be accepted for
the recertification to become effective


JNTCP Nondisclosure Agreement
Juniper Networks considers all written and practical JNTCP exam material to be confidential
intellectual property. As such, an individual is not permitted to take home, copy, or re-create the
entire exam or any portions thereof. It is expected that candidates who participate in the JNTCP
will not reveal the detailed content of the exams.
For written exams delivered at Prometric testing centers, candidates must accept the online
agreement before proceeding with the exam. When taking practical exams, candidates are provided
with a hard-copy agreement to read and sign before attempting the exam. In either case,
the agreement can be downloaded from the JNTCP website for your review prior to the testing
date. Juniper Networks retains all signed hard-copy nondisclosure agreements on file.
Candidates must accept the online JNTCP Online Agreement in order for their
certifications to become effective and to have a certification number assigned.
You can do this by going to the CertManager site at
http://www.certmanager
.net/juniper
.
Resources for JNTCP Participants
Reading this book is a fantastic place to begin preparing for your next JNTCP exam. You
should supplement the study of this volume’s content with related information from various
sources. The following resources are available for free and are recommended to anyone seeking
to attain or maintain Juniper Networks certified status.
JNTCP Website
The JNTCP website (
http://www.juniper.net/certification
) is the place to go for the
most up-to-date information about the program. As the program evolves, this website is periodically
updated with the latest news and major announcements. Possible changes include new
exams and certifications, modifications to the existing certification and recertification requirements,
and information about new resources and exam objectives.
The site consists of separate sections for each of the certification tracks. The information
you’ll find there includes the exam number, passing scores, exam time limits, and exam topics.
A special section dedicated to resources is also provided to supply you with detailed exam topic
outlines, sample written exams, and study guides. The additional resources listed next are also
linked from the JNTCP website.
CertManager
The CertManager system (
http://www.certmanager.net/juniper
) provides you with a
place to track your certification progress. The site requires a username and password for access,
and you typically use the information contained on your hard-copy score report from Prometric
the first time you log in. Alternatively, a valid login can be obtained by sending an e-mail message
to
certification@juniper.net
with the word
certmanager
in the subject field

Once you log in, you can view a report of all your attempted exams. This report includes the
exam dates, your scores, and a progress report indicating the additional steps required to attain
a given certification or recertification. This website is where you accept the online JNTCP agreement,
which is a required step to become certified at any level in the program. You can also use
the website to request the JNTCP official certification logos to use on your business cards,
resumes, and websites.
Perhaps most important, the CertManager website is where all your contact information is
kept up-to-date. Juniper Networks uses this information to send you certification benefits, such
as your certificate of completion, and to inform you of important developments regarding your
certification status. A valid company name is used to verify a partner’s compliance with certification
requirements. To avoid missing out on important benefits and information, you should
ensure your contact information is kept current.
Juniper Networks Training Courses
Juniper Networks training courses (
http://www.juniper.net/training
) are the best source
of knowledge for seeking a certification and to increase your hands-on proficiency with Juniper
Networks equipment and technologies. While attendance of official Juniper Networks training
courses doesn’t guarantee a passing score on the certification exam, it does increase the likelihood
of your successfully passing it. This is especially true when you seek to attain JNCIP or JNCIE status,
where hands-on experience is a vital aspect of your study plan.
Juniper Networks Technical Documentation
You should be intimately familiar with the Juniper Networks technical documentation set
(
http://www.juniper.net/techpubs). During the JNTCP lab exams (JNCIP and JNCIE),
these documents are provided in PDF on your PC. Knowing the content, organizational structure,
and search capabilities of these manuals is a key component for a successful exam attempt.
At the time of this writing, hard-copy versions of the manuals are provided only for the handson
lab exams. All written exams delivered at Prometric testing centers are closed-book exams.
Juniper Networks Solutions and Technology
To broaden and deepen your knowledge of Juniper Networks products and their applications,
you can visit http:///www.juniper.net/techcenter. This website contains white papers,
application notes, frequently asked questions (FAQ), and other informative documents, such as
customer profiles and independent test results.
Group Study
The Groupstudy mailing list and website (http://www.groupstudy.com/list/juniper.html)
is dedicated to the discussion of Juniper Networks products and technologies for the purpose of
preparing for certification testing. You can post and receive answers to your own technical questions
or simply read the questions and answers of other list members.

Introduction xviii
JNCIA Study Guide
Now that you know a lot about the JNTCP, we need to provide some more information about this
text. We begin with a look at some topics and information you should already be familiar with
and then examine what topics are in the book. Finally, we discuss how to utilize this resource and
the accompanying CD.
What You Should Know Before Starting
If you are familiar with networking books, you might be a little surprised by the starting topic
in Chapter 1. It is not the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model common to books in our
industry, but instead the software that operates the router. In the following chapters, we dive
headfirst into the details of running a network using the JUNOS software. This philosophy of
knowing the basics is quite ingrained in the Juniper Networks Education courseware and certification
exams, so we follow that assumption.
Tips for Taking Your Exam
Many questions on the exam have answer choices that at first glance look identical. Remember
to read through all the choices carefully because “close” doesn’t cut it. Although there is never
any intent on the part of Juniper Networks to trick you, some questions require you to think
carefully before answering. Also, never forget that the right answer is the best answer. In some
cases, you may feel that more than one appropriate answer is presented, but the best answer
is the correct answer.
Here are some general tips for exam success:

Arrive early at the exam center, so you can relax and review your study materials.

Read the questions carefully. Don’t just jump to conclusions. Make sure that you’re clear
about exactly what each question asks.

Don’t leave any questions unanswered. They count against you.

When answering multiple-choice questions that you’re not sure about, use a process of
elimination to eliminate the obviously incorrect answers first. Doing this greatly improves
your odds if you need to make an educated guess.

Mark questions that you’re not sure about. If you have time at the end, you can review
those marked questions to see if the correct answer “jumps out” at you.
After you complete the exam, you’ll get immediate, online notification of your pass or fail status,
a printed Examination Score Report that indicates your pass or fail status, and your exam
results by section. (The test administrator will give you the printed score report.) Test scores
are automatically forwarded to Juniper Networks within five working days after you take the test, so you don’t need to send your score to them.
JNCIA Study Guide
Now that you know a lot about the JNTCP, we need to provide some more information about this
text. We begin with a look at some topics and information you should already be familiar with
and then examine what topics are in the book. Finally, we discuss how to utilize this resource and
the accompanying CD.
What You Should Know Before Starting
If you are familiar with networking books, you might be a little surprised by the starting topic
in Chapter 1. It is not the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model common to books in our
industry, but instead the software that operates the router. In the following chapters, we dive
headfirst into the details of running a network using the JUNOS software. This philosophy of
knowing the basics is quite ingrained in the Juniper Networks Education courseware and certification
exams, so we follow that assumption.

Introduction
This means that you should be knowledgeable and conversant in the following topics:
OSI Model The OSI model defines seven different OSI layers—Physical, Data Link, Network,
Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. This model allows vendors and engineers to
develop products designed for a specific OSI level. The segmentation this provides splits the
overall “problem” of networking into smaller, more manageable pieces. Each layer of the model
has certain responsibilities assigned to it and interacts with its neighboring levels in a predefined
manner.
Switches Ethernet, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), and Frame Relay switches all operate
at the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. You should understand the concept of a
logical address and know how the local significance of those addresses plays a part in the scalability
of the network.
Routers Routers operate at the Network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. They connect separate
IP subnets together and route packets across a network in a hop-by-hop manner.
Ethernet Networks Ethernet networks are commonly referred to as a broadcast domain. This
means that all connected hosts receive all transmissions on the physical media. Each host uses
the destination Media Access Control (MAC) address of the Ethernet frame to determine which
frame it should process. The MAC addresses on a segment are learned through the Address Resolution
Protocol (ARP).
Point-to-Point Links Point-to-point links in a network are often referred to as wide area network
(WAN) links. This generalized term is used to describe the nature of a point-to-point link—
it contains no end IP hosts. In a core network, point-to-point links connect two network devices.
These devices can be ATM switches, Frame Relay switches, or network routers. These network
links have the ability to use one of many Layer 2 encapsulations, including ATM, Frame Relay,
the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), and High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC).
IP Addressing and Subnetting IP hosts and routers use a common packet format for all data
transmissions. This includes the destination and source IP address fields, which use a 32-bit
address space. Humans often use a dotted decimal format to represent an IP address. The address
contains a host portion and a network portion. For example, 192.168.1.1 /24 defines a network
address of 192.168.1.0 and a host address of 1 on that subnet.
TCP The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) operates at the Transport layer (Layer 4) of the
OSI model. It defines a common header format, which includes destination and source port numbers.
TCP provides a connection-oriented session between two end hosts that is established using
a three-way handshake. TCP also uses a sliding window for flow control between the hosts.
UDP The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) also operates at the Transport layer (Layer 4) of the
OSI model. Like TCP, it defines a common header format and uses destination and source port
numbers. Unlike TCP, however, UDP provides a connectionless session between two end hosts
that resembles a flowing packet stream. No reliability or flow control is provided to the hosts.
ICMP The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) uses the IP packet format to perform
its functions. Therefore, we often describe it as operating at the Network layer of the OSI model.

Introduction xx
The main function of ICMP is to generate error messages that should be acted upon by network
devices.
Network Troubleshooting Network engineers use ping, a function of ICMP, to verify connectivity
in the network. Should a problem be found, a second useful tool is traceroute. Traceroute
sends UDP messages in a hop-by-hop fashion and provides you with the exact route, and possible
trouble spot, through your network.
If you feel that you need a refresher on these topics, please visit the Core Routing website
listed in the “About the Authors and Technical Editors” section later in this introduction. You
will find resources there that you may use to complete your knowledge base.
Scope of the Book
While it’s easy to say that the book covers the objectives for the JNCIA-M exam, we anticipate
that this book, like the exam itself, is only the beginning of your reading and learning about
Juniper Networks products and the JUNOS software. To that end, we tried to begin each chapter
with some basic theory concepts. In addition, the foundation for future learning is laid out
in the protocol packet formats and detailed explanations of what they include. From there, we
begin to explore the implementation details of the JUNOS software in relation to the chapter
subject.
All router output in the book was taken from JUNOS software versions 5.4
and 5.5.
To truly cover all there is to know about the JUNOS software and the Juniper Networks
routers would take quite a few books. We currently have plans for writing only a few that relate,
like this book, to the certification program. Therefore, you will notice a difference in the depth
(or lack thereof) of detail from chapter to chapter. The material in some chapters is enough to
satisfy your requirements for almost all of your certification needs, but is only the tip of the iceberg
within that subject matter. In those cases, we discuss all we need and leave the rest to your
own reading from other sources. Other topics, like routing protocols, require a deep understanding
at all levels of the certification program. Those topics, in this book, are truly the basic
concepts. We leave the rest of the knowledge needed to the forthcoming books in the series.
In the end, we hope that you get enough data to perform well on the JNCIA-M exam, but
that you are left longing for more detailed and advanced information. That’s a good sign; it is
the mark of a great network engineer. Please know that additional resources are available to you
and that more Sybex Study Guides are on the way to quench your thirst for knowledge.
What Does This Book Cover?
This book covers everything you need to know to pass the JNCIA-M exam. It teaches you how
to configure and operate many protocols and features of the JUNOS software. While this material
is helpful, we also recommend gaining some hands-on practice. We understand that accessing a
live Juniper Networks router in a lab environment is difficult, but if you can manage it you’ll retain
this knowledge far longer in your career.

Introduction
Each chapter begins with a list of the exam objectives covered, so make sure you read them
over before getting too far into the chapter. The chapters end with some review questions that
are specifically designed to help you retain the knowledge we discussed. Take some time to carefully
read through the questions and review the sections of the chapter relating to any question
you miss. The book consists of the following material:

Chapter 1 introduces you to the basic components of the Juniper Networks Routers. We
discuss the hardware composition of the chassis platforms and the details of the JUNOS
software. This is where we discuss using the command-line interface (CLI) and how an IP
packet flows through the router.

Chapter 2 focuses on the types of interfaces supported by the JUNOS software. We discuss
permanent and transient interfaces as well as provide configuration examples for both.

Chapter 3 introduces you to a portion of the JUNOS software that affects the router as a
whole—protocol-independent properties. Static, aggregate, generated, and Martian routes
are some of the topics covered.

Chapter 4 explores the basics of the JUNOS software policy framework. Routing policies
on a Juniper Networks router are very powerful and perform numerous functions. We
show you how to build and apply a policy on the router.

Chapter 5 begins our journey into the IP routing protocols with the Routing Information
Protocol (RIP). We attempt to discuss all aspects of RIP within the JUNOS software in this
single chapter.

Chapter 6 covers the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol. The format of the protocol
packets, the basic operation, and some configuration details are discussed.

Chapter 7 discusses the second link-state protocol used by the JUNOS software. Intermediate
System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) is very similar to OSPF. We also discuss the
packet formats, basic operations, and the configuration within the router. At the conclusion
of the chapter, we compare and contrast IS-IS to OSPF.

Chapter 8 explores the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). BGP is an important portion of
the JUNOS software, and we begin our coverage of it by detailing the protocol attributes.
After a look at how BGP selects its routes, we discuss how to configure BGP in a multi-
AS environment.

Chapter 9 takes us in a bit of a different direction when we talk about multicast routing
and forwarding on a Juniper Networks router. Multicast addresses for IP and Ethernet
are explained as well as the forwarding differences between a dense-mode and a sparsemode
network. After that, we explore the operation and configuration of the Internet
Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM).

Chapter 10 covers how the JUNOS software filters packets in an IP network. Firewall filters
are similar to routing policies but are used for different purposes. In addition to packet filtering,
you can sample, log, and rate-limit IP traffic.

Chapter 11 ends the book with a discussion of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS).
This relatively new technology is growing ever more popular. We look at the reasons why
it was created and the basics of its operation. Its implementation and configuration in the
JUNOS software concludes the chapter.

Introduction xxii
How to Use This Book
This book can provide a solid foundation for the serious effort of preparing for the Juniper Networks
Certified Internet Associate M-series routers (JNCIA-M) exam. To best benefit from this
book, we recommend the following study method:
1. Take the Assessment Test immediately following this Introduction. (The answers are at the
end of the test.) Carefully read over the explanations for any question you get wrong, and
note which chapters the material comes from. This information should help you to plan
your study strategy.
2. Study each chapter carefully, making sure that you fully understand the information and
the test topics listed at the beginning of each chapter. Pay extra-close attention to any chapter
where you missed questions in the Assessment Test.
3. Answer the review questions found at the conclusion of each chapter. (The answers appear
at the end of the chapter, after the review questions.)
4. Note the questions that you answered correctly but that confused you. Also make note of
any questions you answered incorrectly. Go back and review the chapter material related
to those questions.
5. Before taking the exam, try your hand at the two bonus exams that are included on the CD
accompanying this book. The questions in these exams appear only on the CD. This gives
you a complete overview of what you can expect to see on the real thing. After all, the
authors of this book are the people who wrote the actual exam questions!
6. Remember to use the products on the CD that is included with this book. The electronic
flashcards and the Sybex exam-preparation software have all been specifically selected to
help you study for and pass your exam.
7. Take your studying on the road with the JNCIA Study Guide eBook in PDF. You can also
test yourself remotely with the electronic flashcards.
The electronic flashcards can be used on your Windows computer or on your
Palm device.
8. Make sure you read the Key Terms list at the end of each chapter. The glossary includes all
of the terms used in the book (as well as others), along with an explanation for each term.
To learn all the material covered in this book, you’ll have to apply yourself regularly and
with discipline. Try to set aside the same amount of time every day to study, and select a comfortable
and quiet place to do so. If you work hard, you will be surprised at how quickly you
learn this material. Before you know it, you’ll be on your way to becoming a JNCIE. Good luck
and may the force be with you!

Introduction xxiii
Joseph M. Soricelli is an Education Services Engineer at Juniper Networks Inc. He is
JNCIE #14, a Juniper Networks Authorized Trainer, and CCIE #4803. He is a contributing
author to Juniper Networks Routers: The Complete Reference and has written numerous
training courses. He has worked with and trained carriers, telcos, and ISPs throughout his
career in the networking industry.
John L. Hammond is an Education Services Engineer with Juniper Networks Inc., and has provided
on-site training and course development for Juniper Networks since October 2000. John’s
first exposure to “routers” was in the 1970s with the United States Army Security Agency while
stationed in Europe. In those days, the “routers” were lower-rank enlisted men who could read
the seven-level code punched on paper tape. After leaving the Army, John worked for several
major corporations as a field engineer and later spent eight years in the Technical Support department
of a Silicon Valley startup. He began his teaching career after joining a Cisco Authorized
Training Partner headquartered in Annapolis, Maryland in 1998.
Galina Diker Pildush, CCIE #3176, JNCIE #18, provides training and course development for
Juniper Networks Inc. After earning her M.S. in Computer Science, she worked for 20 years for
major international corporations in the areas of internetwork design, architecture, network optimization,
implementation, project management, and training. She has been an academic teacher
at York University and received her Routing and Switching CCIE certification in 1997. Upon
achieving her CCIE certification, Galina dedicated a majority of her professional career to training
and mentoring CCIE candidates by being a technical director for the Netgun Academy CCIE preparation
program at Global Knowledge Network Inc. After joining Juniper Networks, Galina
achieved one of the industry’s toughest certifications, Juniper Networks Certified Internet Expert
(JNCIE). Galina continues to teach at Juniper and enjoys the state-of-the-art technology. Her
areas of interest and specialization are ATM, internetwork design and optimization, Voice over
IP, VPNs, MPLS and wireless. She is the author of Cisco ATM Solutions: Master ATM Implementation
of Cisco Networks.
Thomas E. Van Meter is a trainer in the Education Services department for Juniper Networks
Inc. He has a B.S. from the U.S. Military Academy and an M.S. in Telecommunications and
Computers from George Washington University. He was formerly a trainer and consultant at
Chesapeake Computer Consultants Inc., and Automation Research Systems Ltd. He served in
the U.S. Army for 10 years, mostly in infantry units, but his brief stint working as an automation
officer and with satellite data communications started him down the Internet routing path. He
currently teaches as an adjunct faculty member in the George Mason University M.S. program
in Telecommunications. He is JNCIE #34 and CCIE #1769.
Todd M. Warble is a senior instructor for Juniper Networks Education Services. He has been
delivering courses on the M-series routers since July of 2000. Todd is JNCIE #7 and also performs
grading of the practical exam, as well as development of the written test.
Steven T. Y. Wong is currently a Customer Support Engineer in Juniper Networks Technical
Assistance Center (JTAC), where he provides technical support to major ISPs. Before joining Juniper
Networks, he worked for a regional system integrator and was responsible for providing consulting
and technical support services to multinational enterprise customers and ISPs. Steven is
JNCIE #10 and CCIE #4353. He also holds a Master’s degree and a Bachelor’s degree in Electrical
and Electronic Engineering from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
Bruno De Troch is a Juniper Networks Technical Assistance Center (JTAC) engineer, supporting
some of the major European ISPs and carriers. He started his career in networking as
a Captain in the Belgian Armed Forces, managing the operations for their national data network.
Bruno is a Juniper Networks Authorized Trainer and is JNCIE #15. He is married and
has two children, both of whom he considers as his most valuable achievements.

Assessment Test
1.Which BGP attribute is used, by default, only when multiple routes arrive from the same neighboring AS?
A.Local Preference
B.MED
C.AS Path
D.Origin
2.How many route entries are advertised in a single RIPv2 Response message when MD5 authentication is used in the network?
A.23
B.24
C.25
D.26
3.Which interface name correctly represents an Ethernet interface that is located in port 2 on a PIC that is in slot 3 of the FPC, which is in slot 4 in the chassis?
A.fe-2/3/4
B.fe-4/3/2
C.fe-2/4/3
D.fe-3/4/2
4.How are RIPv2 Response messages advertised, by default?
A.Unicast
B.Multicast
C.Broadcast
D.Anycast
5.You are using an MPLS network to support Layer 3 VPNs. By default, which routing table is used to store information in this environment?
A.inet.3
B.mpls.0
C.bgp.l3vpn.0
D.bgp.l2vpn.0
6.By default, how many next-hop entries are placed into the forwarding table for each valid route?
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
7.How many prefixes will match route-filter 192.168.0.0/16 upto /17?
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
8.Which software process is responsible for operating all routing protocols?
A.mgd
B.chassisd
C.rpd
D.pfed
9.What is the largest usable metric allowed in a RIP Response message?
A.10
B.15
C.20
D.25
10.Which PIM interface mode must be used in an Auto-RP environment?
A.Sparse mode
B.Dense mode
C.Sparse-dense mode
D.Dense-sparse mode
11.What OSPF adjacency state is a router in after it receives a hello packet with its own router ID listed as a neighbor?
A.Init
B.Start
C.Down
D.2-Way
12.Which command allows you to view the networks advertised by each router in the OSPF area?
A.show ospf neighbor
B.show ospf database detail
C.show ospf interface
D.show ospf statistics
13.What ASIC is responsible for creating J-cells?
A.PIC I/O Manager ASIC
B.I/O Manager ASIC
C.Distributed Buffer Manager ASIC
D.Internet Processor ASIC
14.What are the criteria for the election of the Designated Intermediate System (DIS) on a broadcast link?
A.Highest priority followed by highest MAC address
B.Lowest priority followed by highest MAC address
C.Highest priority followed by lowest MAC address
D.Lowest priority followed by lowest MAC address
15.What protocol family correctly configures an interface to support IS-IS within the JUNOS software?
A.iso
B.isis
C.clns
D.clnp
16.What CLI command allows the router to use all configuration changes you enter?
A.commit
B.rollback
C.save filename
D.load filename
17.Which configuration statement best summarizes the following routes and allows the router to forward IP traffic to the configured route?

172.16.13.0 /24

172.16.64.0 /19

172.16.32.0 /21

172.16.52.9 /32
A.set aggregate route 172.16.0.0/17
B.set aggregate route 172.16.0.0/18
C.set generate route 172.16.0.0/17
D.set generate route 172.16.0.0/18
18.By default, an IS-IS router will export which of the following routes from the routing table?
A.All Direct routes matching the IS-IS configuration
B.All IGP routes, including OSPF
C.All active routes in inet.0
D.No routes will be exported.
19. What protocol is used in a multicast network for communications between the hosts and the routers?
A. ICMP
B. IGMP
C. IRDP
D. IGRP
20. An IS-IS router uses which circuit ID to represent the loopback interface of the router?
A. 0x00
B. 0x01
C. 0x02
D. 0x03
21. What PIM state describes a source of 172.16.1.1 for the 228.202.100.1 /32 multicast group address?
A. (228.202.100.1, 172.16.1.1)
B. (228.202.100.1, 172.16.1.1, *)
C. (172.16.1.1, 228.202.100.1)
D. (*, 172.16.1.1, 228.202.100.1)
22. How would you get a Juniper Networks router to advertise IS-IS routes to an OSPF neighbor?
A. Configure an import policy under [edit protocols ospf] that matches IS-IS routes
and accepts them.
B. Configure an export policy under [edit protocols ospf] that matches IS-IS routes
and accepts them.
C. Configure an import policy under [edit protocols isis] that matches IS-IS routes
and accepts them.
D. Configure an export policy under [edit protocols isis] that matches IS-IS routes
and accepts them.
23. Where does a BGP router store information it should advertise to an EBGP peer?
A. Adjacency-RIB-In
B. Local-RIB
C. Forwarding-RIB
D. Adjacency-RIB-Out
24. You would like to implement a firewall filter to affect transit user traffic. On which interface
should you apply the filter?
A. lo0.0
B. fxp0.0
C. fxp1.0
D. fe-0/0/0.0
25. Which firewall filter action drops packets that match a term and returns an ICMP message to the source of the packet?
A. accept
B. discard
C. dismiss
D. reject
26. Which of the following routers advertises a Type 7 LSA?
A. ABR
B. ASBR
C. DR
D. BDR
27. Which BGP attribute is set by the router that first announces a route and denotes the source of that route?
A. Local Preference
B. Origin
C. MED
D. AS Path
28. Which Juniper Networks router component is responsible for implementing a firewall filter?
A. PIC I/O Manager ASIC
B. I/O Manager ASIC
C. Distributed Buffer Manager ASIC
D. Internet Processor ASIC
29. An interface has multiple IP addresses configured within the same subnet. Which of the following statements is true concerning the interface’s preferred address?
A. It is the highest numbered address on the interface.
B. It is the lowest numbered address on the interface.
C. Each configured address is considered to be the preferred address.
D. There is no preferred address.
30. What does an MPLS label value of 3 mean?
A. IPv4 Explicit NULL
B. Router Alert
C. IPv6 Explicit NULL
D. Implicit NULL
31. Which protocol can be used to set up a dynamic LSP using an explicit network path?
A. IGP
B. LDP
C. BGP
D. RSVP
32. Which of the following is a valid NET address?
A. 49.0001.1921.6800.1001.01
B. 49.1000.1111.0001.1921.6800.1001.00
C. 49.abcd.efgh.1921.6800.1001.00
D. 49.abcd.1921.6800.1001.01
33. What are the methods used by RSVP to maintain an established LSP? (Choose two.)
A. It refreshes RSVP Resv messages upstream.
B. It refreshes RSVP Resv messages downstream.
C. It refreshes RSVP Path messages upstream.
D. It refreshes RSVP Path messages downstream.
34. Which operating system is the JUNOS software kernel based on?
A. Linux
B. FreeBSD
C. AIX
D. Solaris
35. What logical binary representation is useful for understanding the operation of a JUNOS software
route filter?
A. Route tree
B. Forwarding tree
C. Binary tree
D. Radix tree

Answers to Assessment Test
1. B. A BGP router only uses the MED attribute, by default, when multiple routes in the Adjacency-
RIB-In table have arrived from the same neighboring AS. For more information, see Chapter 8.
2. A. By default, a Response message carries 25 route entries. When plain-text authentication is
configured, one route entry is used to store the authentication data. Therefore, only 24 route
entries can be advertised in this scenario. Using MD5 authentication, however, requires the use
of two route entries, leaving a capacity of 23 RIP routes in the message. For more information,
see Chapter 5.
3. B. The correct order is media type, FPC slot number, PIC slot number, and PIC port number.
In this instance, this is displayed as fe-4/3/2. For more information, see Chapter 2.
4. B. RIPv2 defaults to advertising Response messages using the 224.0.0.9 /32 multicast group
address. For more information, see Chapter 5.
5. C. By default, the JUNOS software stores VPN routing information advertised between Provider
Edge routers in the bgp.l3vpn.0 routing table. For more information, see Chapter 3.
6. A. The JUNOS software places a single next-hop entry into the forwarding table for each valid
route in the routing table, by default. You can modify this behavior by configuring a routing policy
within the [edit routing-options forwarding-table] configuration hierarchy. For
more information, see Chapter 3.
7. C. The upto match type stops the evaluation of the route filter and matches the routes found
at the specified level. This route filter matches the 192.168.0.0 /16, 192.168.0.0 /17, and
192.168.128.0 /17 routes. For more information, see Chapter 4.
8. C. The Routing Protocol Daemon (rpd) is in charge of operating all routing protocols in the
JUNOS software. For more information, see Chapter 1.
9. B. The largest usable metric supported by RIP is 15. For more information, see Chapter 5.
10. C. The use of Auto-RP in a PIM network means that the 224.0.1.39 /32 and 224.0.1.40 /32
group addresses must be densely flooded throughout the network. All other multicast traffic
must be forwarded using the RP and sparse-mode forwarding rules. This prompts the use of
sparse-dense mode on all PIM interfaces. For more information, see Chapter 9.
11. D. When a router receives a hello packet with its router ID listed as a neighbor, it can guarantee
that the sending router has received at least one OSPF packet from the local router. Therefore,
bidirectional communication has been achieved and the local router will transition to the 2-Way
state. For more information, see Chapter 6.
12. B. Option B displays detailed information about the LSAs known to the local router. This
information includes the networks advertised by all the routers within the OSPF area. For
more information, see Chapter 6.
13. B. The I/O Manager ASIC is responsible for creating J-cells. For more information, see Chapter 1
14. A. The two possible criteria for DIS election are priority and MAC address. The first tiebreaker
is the highest priority, followed by the highest MAC address. For more information, see Chapter 7.
15. A. The iso protocol family is the only valid JUNOS software family and is used to configure
an interface to support IS-IS. For more information, see Chapter 2.
16. A. The router uses information in the candidate configuration when you issue the commit command.
For more information, see Chapter 1.
17. C. Both options A and C adequately summarize all of the routes given. However, a generated
route contains an IP address as a next-hop value. This allows the router to forward IP traffic
using the 192.168.0.0 /17 route. For more information, see Chapter 3.
18. A. By default, IS-IS advertises only Direct routes that match the subnets and interfaces you
define in the IS-IS configuration of the router. For more information, see Chapter 4.
19. B. Host-to-router communications in a multicast network are handled by the Internet Group
Management Protocol (IGMP). For more information, see Chapter 9.
20. B. The loopback and all point-to-point links share a value of 0x01. Broadcast links begin their
unique numbering at 0x02, while the router itself always uses a circuit ID of 0x00. For more
information, see Chapter 7.
21. C. PIM state is always displayed in a (Source, Group) fashion. Only option C uses this format.
For more information, see Chapter 9.
22. B. In order to properly redistribute routes from IS-IS into OSPF, you must create a policy that
matches on IS-IS routes and then apply that policy to OSPF. For more information, see Chapter 4.
23. D. The Adjacency-RIB-Out table stores all route advertisements to other BGP peers. For more
information, see Chapter 8.
24. D. Firewall filters affect user transit traffic when they are applied to transient interfaces. Only
option D (fe-0/0/0.0) represents a transient interface. For more information, see Chapter 10.
25. D. Both discard and reject drop packets in a filter term, but only reject returns an ICMP
message back to the source of the IP packet. For more information, see Chapter 10.
26. B. An ASBR router injects external routing information into OSPF. When used in a not-sostubby
area, the ASBR generates Type 7 LSAs. For more information, see Chapter 6.
27. B. The Origin attribute is designed to inform all BGP routers as to the source of the route from
the perspective of the originating router. For more information, see Chapter 8.
28. D. All firewall filters are implemented on the Internet Processor ASIC. For more information,
see Chapter 10.
29. B. An interface contains a single preferred address per configured subnet and, by default, it
is the lowest numerical prefix on the interface. For more information, see Chapter 2.
30. D. An MPLS label value of 3 represents an Implicit NULL, which informs the immediate
upstream router to perform penultimate hop popping (PHP). For more information, see
Chapter 11.
31. D. While both LDP and RSVP are MPLS signaling protocols, only RSVP supports the use of
traffic engineering and explicit network paths. For more information, see Chapter 11.
32. B. Option B is the only correct NET address shown. Options A and D have a 0x01 for the selector
byte, which must be 0x00. Option C contains characters that are not valid for a hexadecimal
address. For more information, see Chapter 7.
33. A, D. RSVP refreshes Path and Resv messages every 30 seconds to maintain the soft state of the
LSP in the network. Path messages are sent downstream, and Resv messages are sent upstream.
For more information, see Chapter 11.
34. B. The JUNOS software kernel is based on the FreeBSD Unix operating system. For more information,
see Chapter 1.
35. D. A radix tree is used to represent the operation of a JUNOS software route filter. For more
information, see Chapter 4.